A jury refers to a body of citizens chosen to render a verdict in a court case. By creating a group of citizens from the public, it eliminates the reliance on a single judge for providing an unbiased decision, and allows for wider accountability. The jury is meant to ensure that the decision is fair, equitable and legally binding.
History of the Jury System
The jury system dates back to ancient Greece and Rome, but was established in England during the 13th century. The jury system was later adopted by America and has been firmly established in the U.S. legal system for centuries.
How Does It Work?
In a civil case, a jury is usually composed of six to twelve individuals who are chosen to determine the facts of the case. After hearing from both parties, and with guidance from the judge, they are asked to reach a consensus on the verdict of the case. In criminal cases, the jury is the deciding factor in adjudicating guilt or innocence.
The Rights of a Jury
In the United States, the Constitution guarantees each citizen the right to a trial by jury. This means that, even if a person elects to have a trial by judge, the presiding judge is required to allow a jury to be present and to hear the proceedings fairly and without bias.
Modern Examples
Juries are an integral part of the modern legal system. They are used to decide major cases – from personal injury, corporate litigation, contracts and criminal charges – all over the country. Notable recent examples include the trials of Oscar Pistorius in South Africa and of Bill Cosby in Pennsylvania.
Conclusion
The jury system has existed for centuries and has played an integral role in the American legal system. A jury is an essential part of many court proceedings and its use provides a vital safeguard against biased decisions, ensuring that justice is fair and equitable.